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Bigelow v. Virginia
''Bigelow v. Commonwealth of Virginia'', , was a United States Supreme Court case that established First Amendment protection for advertising.〔Greenhouse, Linda. Becoming Justice Blackmun. Times Books. 2005. Page 119.〕
== Background ==
Court precedents had long considered advertising mere "commercial speech," giving it little, if any, protection under the First Amendment.〔Greenhouse, Linda. Becoming Justice Blackmun. Times Books. 2005. Page 116.〕
In 1972, the American Civil Liberties Union filed a Supreme Court appeal on behalf of a newspaper editor in Charlottesville, Virginia who had published an advertisement for an abortion referral service in New York (where abortion was legal).〔Greenhouse, Pages 116-117〕 Virginia charged the editor, Jeffrey C. Bigelow, with violating a state law that made it a crime to encourage abortions via lectures, advertisements, or any other manner.〔Greenhouse, Page 117〕 Bigelow was convicted and fined; the Virginia Supreme Court affirmed his conviction, rejecting his First Amendment challenge by pointing to the lowered protections on commercial advertisements.〔
''Roe v. Wade'' was pending when Bigelow's appeal first reached the Supreme Court, leading the justices to defer action.〔 After ''Roe'' was decided, the justices remanded ''Bigelow'' to Virginia, but the state court reaffirmed Bigelow's conviction; Bigelow filed a new appeal to the Supreme Court.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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